Neurotransmitters and Addiction: A Close Link

Studies conducted at the University Of Pittsburghmissing nutrients have to be replenished by eating a
School Of Medicine, in which smokers anddiet high in protein, brain-healthy fats and high-fiber
non-smokers filled out a behavioral questionnairecarbohydrates. In addition, taking supplements that
revealed that nicotine's biggest mood-changinginclude vitamins, minerals, and amino acids can actually
influence was on people who scored high onre-wire the brain to reduce cravings. According to
sensation-seeking. This was true both for smokers andDoctor Beasley, "For the alcoholic, metabolism is far
non-smokers (non-smokers who were given nicotinestronger than free will, and diet and nutrition therapy
via a nasal spray). Heart rate and blood pressureshould be part of any alcohol treatment program."
responses were the same for smokers andYou would probably be surprised to know that
non-smokers, suggesting that the psychological effectsrelapsing after years of sobriety is more common for
were more significant than the physiological ones.alcoholics than you think. The downside about modern
Doctor Keith Johnsgard, a psychologist and professoralcoholism treatment is its appalling long-term success
emeritus of psychology at San Jose State University inrate. Did you know that a commonly cited statistic for
California, says that the explanation has to do with thealcohol treatment programs is less than 20 percent
neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine is the brainrecovery after one year? In other words, out of every
chemical that relates to pleasure and stimulation.five people who enter an addiction program, only one
Nicotine creates a dopamine response. People whowill actually stay sober. Most programs out there that
are high sensation seekers reportedly need morefocus only on the mind, consist of emphasis on daily
dopamine. This same phenomenon explains whycounseling sessions and attendance at meetings.
nicotine and alcohol often go together. The answer,"Alcoholism is a physical disease," says Joan Mathews
according to some, is to get your cravings underLarson, a nutritionist who is the author of, Seven
control and satisfy the need for sensation. A goodWeeks to Sobriety, and director of an outpatient
route to go is to balance your brain chemistry withtreatment program.
supplements of neurotransmitters. Since theseWe would also like to add that those who advocate a
chemical messengers get out of balance as a result ofnutritional program do not think that AA-based
stress, in addition to any hereditary predisposition, takingprograms are entirely off base. As a matter of fact, all
such supplements can give you renewed energy whilethe treatment programs that feature nutritional therapy
altering a jagged mood in a healthier way.also include either 12-step sessions or some other type
Doctor Charles Gant, a retired Washington D.C.of counseling. Let's just say that beating an addiction
physician and author of, End Your Addiction Now, isrequires shoring up the body as well as the mind.
one of a handful of doctors who are convinced thatAlcoholism is not the only type of addiction that
the standard approach to alcoholism is missing anresponds well to nutritional therapy. A young doctor's
essential component--a biochemical way to loosenstory is a classic case. As a young resident, he
alcohol's grip. This method, which is slowly gainingbecame addicted to prescription drugs and went
acceptance, puts a twist on the mind/body dynamicthrough the classic 12-step program. A year later, he
underlying traditional treatment programs. Anotheragain found himself in the same boat. This time, he
physician, Doctor Joseph Beasley, and author of achose a non-12 step concept that administrators of the
book called, How to Defeat Alcoholism: Nutritionalprogram said had an 80% success rate. He is still
Guidelines for Getting Sober, is an early proponent ofclean today, three years later.
research into the brain chemistry underlying addiction.The nutritional program is much the same as those for
These physicians and their colleagues believe that thealcoholics, with a slightly different formula of vitamins
body's needs must be attended to first. In their opinion,and amino acids. So, in essence, the supplements for
alcoholism is primarily a brain chemistry imbalancepeople recovering from drug abuse are tailored to their
fueled by a deficiency in certain nutrients. Thoseparticular brain chemistry.